IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3} 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


A 


1987 


I 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographtquas 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  '>e  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  cf  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


Q    Coloured  covers/ 
Couvertura  de  couleur 


0 

D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

a 

□ 


Covers  damaged,'' 
Couvertu'e  endommagee 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicuiee 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  biue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  blaue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  fa  long  de  la  marge  interieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  !e  texte, 
mais   lorsque  ceta  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


L'Institut  3  microfilme  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-etre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dans  la  mdthoda  normale  de  filmagi? 
sont  inoiquds  ci-dessnus. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


D 


D 
Q 
D 
D 


D 


Pages  da  couleur 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagees 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  decolorees,  tachet^es  ou  piquess 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualite  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


r~n    Only  edition  available/ 


Tha 
to  xi 


posi 
of  tf 
filmi 


Orig 

bagi 

tha 

sion 

otha 

first 

sion 

or  ill 


The 
shall 
TINl 
whic 

Map: 
diffa 
antir 
bagii 
right 
rec^ui 
math 


Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  hsve  been  refilmed  to 
ensu'e  the  best  oossible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  cnt  ^t^  fsim^es  ^  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


□    Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires; 


Map  was  inverted  for  filming. 


This  item  is  filmed  ar  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dassous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


D 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library, 

Geological  Survey  of  Canada 


L'oxempiaire  film^  fut  reproduit  grica  k  la 
g^n^rositi  de: 

Bibliothdque, 

Commission  G^ologique  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possib'e  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Lae  images  suivantes  ont  iti  reproduites  avec  le 
pius  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
da  la  nettat*  de  I'exemplaire  film*,  et  an 
conformity  avec  lea  conditions  ij'j  contrat  de 
fiimaga. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impreS' 
sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres* 
lion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —i^l  meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Those  too  largo  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  comer,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
rec^uired.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Las  excmplairea  originaux  dont  la  couverture  an 
papier  eat  imprimte  sont  filmte  an  commenqant 
par  te  premier  piat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  una  amprsinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iliustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  las  autrsa  axempiairas 
originaux  sont  filmte  an  commenpant  par  la 
premi^rr  page  qui  comporte  une  ampreinte 
d'impreftsion  cu  d'illustration  et  an  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dea  symbolea  suivants  apparactra  sur  la 
demiAre  image  de  chaqun  microfiche,  selon  le 
caa:  le  symbole  — *»•  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symboie  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Laa  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  4  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  eat  filmd  i  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  i  droite, 
et  do  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
^'images  n^cesaairo.  Las  diagram  mes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thodo. 


2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

CJobI 


\'1CNC  ^'' 


BQUEINOl^ 


■-J"" 


iu^  mi  MmiU, 


O^PK   BRETON 


^ 


'^^'^^4 
'■.,^'^i^* 


•  • 


1 

1 


t 


^/^ 


V 

I 


^,-SgB»«rf*.«^^*t 


i 


V         GLACi.   BAY 


^ 


'o^. 


y«i,. '■   ^/i  >VH//v.   /*>'■. 


\    -»>V"  BoRtfiCX     I  X--    ^-/j/  ;  ; //;     ..^^-'i-r-fo'f 


tm 


•  ^ 


CuthufimI  (Uhl  Tofku/nififiua/ 


FOUR  BQURiNGT  COAL  CLAIMS 


•  nixr 


tm»M%\M&^  'mm^^ 


Benjamin  Smith  Lyman  , 

oj'Xt'/.ii .UitJi  lyt/i.Si.I'liiiiiiltl/i/iKc  •■ 

FEB.  1865 


lowRiE  Mines     "\\/ 

Pit.  * 


/''  WlD.SPENCC/y'lI 


Coal  2%  FT 


/Alfred  dows.-. 


JtM^B 


OVIMf 


^i'ct'xon 


_GLACE  BAY^KE 


HUOtt      ROSS'S      CLAIM 


TH*'^*- 


Angus  McDonald 

ILlQUOfiSEULER. 


EXPLANATION. 

THE    NUMBERS    DENOTE  THeI 

1^        HEIGHT   IN  FEET  ABOVE  HIGH  Til 
^  OF  THE  CONTOUR    LINES 

THE     ARE  ATTACHED   TO. 


0      soo    toon  woo  3000  4uou imm «'»"> 


n^Ction       FROM    THE    Ferry     at    Glace     Bay     to     Angus     M<rAuLAYS     ajt^^    M  i  r  e 


.^-f 


o« 


c\- 


S       CLA1  M 


kOVJ' 


SAHO  LAKE 


I4O0FT. 


■.o«^' 


svirt. 


Bt" 


*■-       ^o*-^ 


l.o^^ 


«^'*5'^-^"VHS'^rFoo^ 


B"-" 


2400 


tT. 


T  "■  ^ 


Ci^f 


•35- 


EXPLANATION. 

/  THE    NUMBERS    DENOTE  THE  \ 

i        HEIGHT   IN  FEET  ABOVE  HrGH  TIDE        * 

OF  THE  CONTOUR    LINES 

THE     ARE   ATTACHED    TO. 


•         *•»      WHO woo  3MN)  MAtt  J(IIM>  «l)00  7OO0 


HIlOO 


FROM    THC    Ferry     at    Glace     Say     to     Angus     M^Aulay's     at     Mire     Bay 


•« 


Vi^ 


0^^ 


«< 


CV-' 


,»• 


^\\ 


-T 


I4O0  FT. 


SAttB  UiKC 


^*'' 

^       X" 


^^ 


t<*- 


\ 


\ 


O^' 


.* 


.s* 


X'^ 


>«• 


ivirt. 


7400 


ft. 


0     — — 


V 


V: 


^ 


Xt; 


.-Vv/ 


ATION. 

DENOTE  THE 
BOVE  HrCH  TIDE 
3UR    LINES 
FACHEO   TO. 


'Winging  Point 


m 


Or 


tu,niio  rtCT 


AngusMcAulay 


IRE      Bay 


.^..o^V^ 


^S^ 


>♦ 


cow    BAY 


<;«■■>* 


,.»o5- 


f^" 


v/ 


'"--..>/'>/ ^ 


3  TT. 


'8  \H. 


(.*^-  BAY 


Feril  Mjyci  t.  Co  Lnhuy^ha-t    :Piilv>i>stN  Y 


m 


•i* 


.-/ 


-  .'1 


rt^ 


li  C)  U  K  1  N  ()  T 


COAL  CLAIMS  AiM)  LANDS 


CAPJ']    BRIXTON. 


XKW    YOUK : 
II  I'-.  N  l{  Y    8  I'  i:  A  11 J    P  lU  N  T  E  R    AND    S  T  A  T I O  N  E II , 

I'-jij  IVail  and  SU  13t'a\cr  iStrcets, 
18G5. 


\§ 


1 


I 

I 


♦    •  •• 

«•        • 


••    • 

•  •       • 
.•  •  • 


•     •  •        • 
••••••• 


•  •     • 
•  •     • 


.  ..•.     :  .-.  •••.:•••..•'■•  •.•;'■•."•;.'.'• 


H 


J 


IJOUltlNOT  COAL  CLAIMS  AND  LANDS, 

OAPE  BREl^OX 


Ihe  foliowuig  Koport  of  Benj,  Smith  Lyman.  Esq, 
M.„,ng  l„g,„cer,  of  PluIaJolpia.,,  on  the  above  claim, 
winch  he  has  boon  engaged  lor  eight  months  in  thoronc^h- 
ly  cxi-lormg,  is  subnutted  together  with  his  Geological 
and  lopographical  Map  of  the  same  district. 

'^'^^''^^^li  Gil!:  ^r  ?r''":'  C<>''f  Claims,  near  Cm^ 
fc  «;•  .j«y.^  Capr  Bnio,,,  by  Baij.  Smith  Ly. 

'"id  Ic.pjgrnphimi  Mail.  j     •-■ww„aai 

Tlie  lour  <Ju;il  cl^iiijis  i!(.;ir  (V,v  ;,i„i  (liaeo  H>iv«    f'.,„^  7>,. 

TOhl    IIIUKIICU     cIC,.'',     J,.ss    tluiU    llV(i    M|ll;,ro    mile-.-    ill   .,11     ,„nv. 

.     1  /'        r' '  ^'"^V'''^''-^''^  '^^^  '""^*^^-^^^^  a^-i-es  of  land  on 

he  HorUiwo^ern  shore  and  tor  the  r.M  cxten.Is  over  thJ  Bn v 

'HHl  tho     hin    n-  joiuH  tlu.  So,-on,l  on  the  north,  and    he  Fir 
n  .,.uns    W  J    .vcl  on  the  west      The  Third  Chnm  rea.he'to  U^ 

1     e       t      /    f      V'^'^'^^^"'"^ 
'"i.ice  j>ay  Jjrook  on  tiie  north. 

Thatjuu-tionot'Oow  Bay  whi<.l,   h  covered  bv  the  Fourth 
lain.,  IS  for  ihe  nio>t  part  shallow  and  tillod  with  nn.d  or  sand  Toi-s-phy. 
hnrs  l.ut  ;rrown,^  deep  towanls  the  oast.     The  laud  rises  X 
Wb-  h-oni    IK.  Bay  to  th,^ 
Uns  tl.tiul;  0  forinod  hero  extends  wc'stward  throu-h  th.  sec- 

;;;.;■':;•;:,,  h'1^;;-  '^'^'z'"'  "";'"■''  toBhud.Bro<dc.  and  hav. 

Ml.  a  sh^l  thoHuw  on  the  north,  in  which  lies  3forrison'   Lake. 
xNurth  ol  this  ludlow  IS  a  second  ridge  somewhat  high,     than 


4 


(icdloc'ical 
Stnicluri'. 


Coai  Beds. 


I 


the  first  and  about  parallel  to  it  and  north  of  lliat  a  dt-eper  hol- 
low, at  the  npp«M-  end  of  which  lies  Sand  liakc  in  the  Southern 
part  of  the  Third  Claim.  ]3etween  Sand  Laue  and  Bi;.,'  Claee 
]3av  Brook  to  the  north,  lies  a  hroad  rid<i'e  narrowlnu"  westward, 
with  a  gentle  slope  to  the  nnvth.  The  Biu;  (ilaee  JJay  Brook 
runs  nearly  straight  through  the  southeastern  e<lg(' of  the  First 
Claim  and  tiirougli  the  middle  of  the  Third  Chiini,  wiih  flat  high 
land  on  the  north.  The  direeti«.n  of  this  ]}rnek  is  curiously 
parallel  to  that  of  the  northern  shores  of  Cow  Bay  and  Miivi 
Bay  and  of  J/ittle  Olaec  Bay  ]Jrook.  Tlie  hills  in  these  claims 
vary  from  12(1  to  iJOO  feet  ill  height. 

The  lay  of  the  rocks  of  this  region  is  (as  rr(.fess()r  Lesley  has 
shown)  in  the  i\mn  of  a  large  hasin  with  its  centre  son,ewhat 
north  of  I.ittU^  (ilace  Bay,  and  Avith  a  nearly  east  and  west  strike 
in  the  southern  and  eastern  part.-  of  these  claims  hy  a  gradual^ 
carve  becoming  a  north  and  south  strike  somc-whal  north  ot 
the  northern  end  of  the  claims  ;  and  into  the  southwestern  side 
of  this  basin  enters  a  saddle  whi(di  makes  a  comparatively 
small  basin  to  the  south  of  it  throughout  its  length.  This  sad- 
dle is  wide  and  high  on  the  shore  of  Cow  l)ay  and  ha.s  its 
hio;hcst  point  there  a  little  northeast  of  l^ong  ]5ea(  h  ;  it  disaji- 
pcars  near  the  eastern  corner  of  the  first  claim.  Throughout 
its  length  it  has  on  the  south  dips  as  steep  as  forty-live  ■!>. - 
grecs,  and  at  its  western  end  causes  the  ordinary  dip  of  the 
basin  to  be  for  a  space  gentler  than  otherwise  would  be  the 
case.  The  snuill  basin  south  of  this  saddle  is  called  the  Cow- 
Bay  Basin,  ami  within  it  lie  the  best  and  most  accessible 
coals  of  these  claims,  its  wide  end  is  towards  the  east  and 
it  tapers  oil' gradually  to  the  west:  it  his  on  the  south  side  a 
gentle  dij)  of  about  one  in    six   and   a    half  (!»!")   towar<ls  the 

,  north.  '1  he  steeper  dip  of  forty-live  degrees  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  basin  would  not  interfere  with  the  working  of  the 
coal  but  adds  materially  to  the  (piantity  of  it  contained  within 

'an  acre.  Claim  No.  1  T.  covers  nearly  the  whole  of  the  ])ro- 
ductivc  part  of  the  western  end  of  tliis  basin,  .-ind  Claim  No. 
IV.  contains  a  ]iorlion  of  it  further  to  the  east.  The  n<n-therii 
part  of  Claim  No.  111.  and  the  whole  of  Claim  No.  I.  lie  in  the 
large  (Ilace  Bay  Basin. 

J,  "Within  these  claims  three  beds  of  <-oal  of  worki'.ble  thick- 
ness have  been  actnallv  o])ened  by  biu-ing  or  digging  ;  namely 
the  McAulay  Bed,  the  31cUury  Bed  and  a  Three  Foot  Bed;  a 
fourth,  the  fracey  Bed,  worked  at  Mir^'Bay,  also  underlies  the 
•whole  of  these  claims,  but  does  lutt  crop  out  on  them,  and  has 
not  been  opened. ' 


I 


y 


and 


« 


.^ 


The  uppermost  of  these  beds,  the  McAulay,  is  the  bed  worl 
ed  ])\  tlie  Mt'ssrs.  Arehilcild  at  tlie  <io\Vi.e  .Mines,  {^)\v  Bay  ; 
and  tlie  same  as  tlic  McDonald  Bed  at  Hchouner  Pond,  the 
Phehm  Bed  at  Bi,;;-  (jlhice  Bay,  the  Bridgeport  Bed  and  the 
Lingan  Bed.  W'itliin  these  chiinis  it  occurs  only  on  the 
Second,  and  ^vas  bored  there  at  tlie  eastern  edg(^  of  the  claim 
and  near  the  western  end  of  Morrison's  Lake,  and  was  opened 
by  a  trial  jiit  near  the  crop,  three  hundred  yards  west  of  that 
lake.  It  ]»roved  here  to  have  not  only  Improved  decidedly 
in  (juality  from  what  it  is  at  the  (iowrie  Mines,  the  nearest 
working  on  the  same  bed,  l>ut  to  have  increased  in  thickness, 
though,  still,  less  in  thickness  than  at  Ghice  Bay.  The  thick- 
ness at  the  trial  pit  was  live  feet  and  a  half  of  good  coal  with 
six  inchos  of  poor  slaty  coal  })clow  As  these  six  inches 
would  be  at  any  rate  mad(!  nearly  worthless  in  the  operation 
of  "holing"  under  the  coal  to  remove  it,  the  bed  is  here 
about  e(pnil  in  value  to  <uie  of  six  feet  of  solid  coal.  The  five 
feet  and  a  half  contain  at  two  feet  fnnn  the  ))ottom  a  one  inch 
seam  of  splint  coal  (or  coarse  eannel),  but  are  otherwise  solid 
bituminous  coal.  This  bed  underlies  within  the  Second  Claim 
450  acres  containing  4,070,000  tons.  Of  this  amount  300  acres 
containing  •J,(')40.000  tons  lie  below  the  level  of  high  tide,  and 
150  acres  containing  1,4.')0,000  tons  lie  above  the  level  of 
high  tide.  The  lowest  ])art  of  this  Coal  is  at  the  bottom  of 
the  basin  at  the  eastern  edge  of  the  (Maini,  and  is  there  four 
hundred  and  twenty-five  fi'et  below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

About  two  hundrt'd  feiit  below  the  3IcAulay  Bed  is  a  Ijed 
that  is  to  be  seen  on  the  shore  of  Cow  Bay  iu;ar  the  AVidow 
Spencer's  house  and  is  called  the  Spencer  Bed.  At  that  point 
it  contains  two  feet  and  eight  inches  of  coal  besides  some 
layers  of  siate.  The  same  bed  has  been  bored  on  the  north 
side  of  the  road  at  Alex.  McBiiry's  and  found  to  be  there 
only  eighteen  inches  thick  ;  and  the  same  bc.-d  is  still  thinner 
at  Sclnumer  Pond  ;  so  that  it  can  hardly  be  reckoned  as  a 
workable  coal  within  these  Claims. 
■<'  At  two  hundred  and  iifty  feet  ])elnw  the  McAulay  Bed,  or 
fifty  feet  lielow  the  Spencer,  lies  the  MclJury  Bed,  bored  and 
oi)ened  by  u  trial  jiit  at  Alex.  ^IcUnry's,  in  the  Fourth  Claim, 
near  the  edge  of  the  Second.  It  is  the  same  as  the  four  foot 
four  iiudi  bed  a  little  above  Long  Beach,  at  (\»\v  Bay,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  basin,  and  as  the  .^IcPhail  Bed  worked  by 
Mr.  Boss  at  Schooner  Pond,  and  as  the  upper  one  oj)ened  on 
liittle  Ulace  JJay  Brook  in  IsOi*.  At  the  last  named  point  it 
is  five  feet  eight  inches  thick,  containing  live  feet   four  inches 


Iv-  McAiilav  Bod. 


Spenrcr  tictl. 


McRury  Bed. 


I 


of  coal;  and  it  is  fihont   tlio   samo   at    Sclioonor  Vond.     It  is, 

{  no  doubt,  also  the  saiuo  as  the  bed  worked  ]>y  Mr.  Wilson  at  the 

end  of  tlie  Snntliorn  TL'ad  of  TowBay;  and  hero  it  contains  about 

six  feet  of  eoal   dividod    in  the  niiddln  ])y  two  feet  and  a  half 

•  of  stone,  and  has  a.bout  ten   feet   above   it  anoth'^r  double  bed 

of  four  fecit  of  enal  dividi-d  ;ilso  in  ilie  middle  ])v  two  i'ovi   of 

vStone.     At  Alex.  MelJury's  the  ^tJcllHry  Bed   has  nine  inelics 

'of  <:ood  eoal  at  the  bottom  ovrhiid   by'two  feet   ei'j'ht    inches 

of  clay,  on  whicdi  rests  two  feet  (ixc  inehe>;  of  u'ood  eenl.      Over 


this  lies  clav  cio-hteen   inches  thi(dc,  aiid  e,'i  that 


six  imdies 


of 


soft   dirty   coal.     There  are,  th<  n,  three   feet    and  two  inches 


of  good  coal  divided  into  two  bcnehes  at  nine  inehcs  from  the 
bottom  by  a  band  of  lire  clay,  v,  hi<'h  is  no  dmibt  of  very  irr(>- 
gular  thickness,  like  a  similar  liand  in  the  middle  of  the  same 
bed  on  the  north  side  of  the  Northern  Head  of  Cow  ]>av, 
which  disappears  alnntst  Cdmjdctely  within  tAvo-lliirds  of "  a 
mile  across  the  li;iy  of  Schooner  Pond.  As  this  point,  at 
Alex.  ^Iclinry's,  is  also  tlu^  one  where  this  coal  is  thinner' 
than  at  all  other  points  where  it  has  been  projierlv  o]»ened  this 
side  of  Little  (jlace  ]>ay  Brook,  it  is  not  nnreasnnable  to  ex- 
pect an  avcrai-'e  thickness  of  it  in  these  Claims  of  three  feet. 
It.e  quality  at  Alex.  31<'linr\"s  is  very  excllent,  so  hard 
and  frt!c  from  suljthnr.  so  well  a(ba]);e(i  to  dome<(ie,  steam  ,ind 
even  t'orcfo  purposes,  that  it  may  ho  considered  workable  in  its 
condition  there.  The  '•holini;'"  could  be  done  in  the  clav,  sav- 
ing the  coal  itself  iVoni  injury,   and  adding  to  (lie  heiu'ht  of  the 


to 


remove 

les 


tie. 


rooms;  and  it  would  proba)>ly  be  desir.dtle 
whole  of  the  clay  so  ;is  to  turn  the  lower  nine  indies  of  coal 
to  account,  <>ivinir  three  i'vot  iwo  inche<  oi'  ei;al  and  nnikinrr 
the  gangways  and  rooms  live  feet  ten  iuche-;  high.  It  would  not 
be  necessary  to  remove  the  clay  from  the  miiie,  ])ut  «mi1v  to 
throw  it  to  one  side  in  the  rooms  themselves.  'I'liis  coal  un- 
derlies 1, (>,")()  a.cres  of  the  Second  Claim,  conlrtining  r).L'l)i),(l(l(> 
tons,  reek<ming  on  a  thici^ness  of  three  fei^t ;  (!('  this  amount 
()4(»  acres  or  :!.'Jir),(i(MI  tons  are  below  liigli  lidti  level,  and  IIO 
acres  or  'J, OT"), <*()()  tmis  ai-e  above  it.  in  ;lie  Fourih  (.'laim 
this  bed  underlies  4r)()  ;ici-(s,  containing,  at  a  I  Mvlunvss  of  tlire(^ 
feet  2,1^4,(MI0  tons  ;  of  this  lili)  acres  or  1.ilin,«ll)l>  tons  lie 
under  the  water  of  Cow  Bay,  ami  lldO  acres  or  l,l(iS,IH)()  tons 
under  the  land  :  of  tins  last  amount  1S()  acres  or  S7^),nt)t> 
tons  lie  behjw  the  lev(d  of  high  tide,  and  ()()  acr*>^' or  'J!)."), ()(,)() 
tons  above  it,  so  as  to  l)e  drainabl  ■  by  a  drill  from  the  shore. 
_,, .     „  ,      ,      At  Schooner  J'ond  and  on  the  <>xtrenie  end  ei'  the  Northern 

Tliin     Hcds    of  __        ,       „  ,^  -^  ,  .  .,  ,.  Ill"  11 

gchouner  1 '011(1.     Hc.id  of  Cow  Bay,  th(M-e   is  a   three  toot   liei]  oj   coal  ahout  a 


r 

1 


hundr( 
by  a  0 

to  hav 
on  as  1 
jectnrc 
before 

At  J 
been  b 
feet  an 
ern  cd 
thick  ; 
two  fe 
twenty 
ordina 

At  1 

has  be 

eighte 

■»-  At  1 

the  3I( 

KOUlh   I 

is  the 
just  al 
found 
the  Lo 
],!)S0: 
three  i 
tons  li 
above 
tainiui 
020  ac 
and  5.-J 
amoun 
and  IC 

At 
Tracej 
quality 
ness  a' 
three  I 
aging  \ 
inches 
one  in' 
and  lei 
lies  th 
three  i 


I 


I 


I 


huntlred  feet  below  the  McPhail  (or  ^IcRury)  Bed,  accompanied 
by  a  one  foot  bed  twelve  feet  higher  up.  These  beds  appear 
to  have  grown  much  thinner  at  Cow  Bay  and  are  not  counted 
on  as  workable  in  tho.so  claims.  This  three  foot  bed  was  con- 
jectured to  be  the  same  as  the  Spencer  ]}<.'d,  already  mentioned, 
before  any  geological  survey  had  ))een  made  at  Cow  Bay. 

At  150  feet  below  the  McRury  Bed  lies  a  Coal  bed  that  has  t«o  r,.,n  ik-.i. 
been  bored  south  of  Alex.  McKury's  and  fimnd  to  be  there  two 
feet  and  three  inches  thick  ;  the  same  bed  was  bored  at  the  west- 
ern edge  of  the  Claim  No.  II.  and  was  there  one  foot  nine  inches 
thick  ;  so  that  its  average  thickness  may,  then,  be  taken  to  be 
two  feet.  Close  under  this  bed  is  a  valuable  bed  of  fire  clay, 
twenty-five  feet  thick,  which  will  furnish  good  material  for 
ordinary  bricks,  if  for  nothing  else. 

At  loo  feet  below  the  Two  Foot  Bed  lies  a  Coal  bed  that     FA-iitoon  in.h 
has  been  bored  also  south  of  Alex.  Mcllury's  and  found  to  be     "'' 
eiffhteen  inches  thick. 

'■-  At  100  feet  below  the  Eighteen  Inch  Bed,  or  350  feet  below  Tihv,.  r,,(,t  n-A 
the  3IcRury  Bed,  lies  a  Coal  bed  that  was  sliown  by  a  boring  ^j";., '■"'"-'  "*••"'' 
south  of  Alex.  3IcRury's,  to  be  two  feet  ten  inches  thick.  It 
is  the  same  as  a  bed  once  poorly  ope'i!;d  below  high  water  nuirk, 
just  above  Long  Beach,  on  the  northern  shore  of  Cow  Bay,  and 
found  to  1)0  three  feet  and  two  inches  thick.  It  may  be  called 
the  Long  Beach  Bed,  or  the  Three  Foot  Bed.  It  underlies 
1,080  acres  of  the  Second  Claim,  containing  at  a  thickness  of 
three  feet,  9,800,000  tons;  of  this  1,700  acres  or  8,500,000 
tons  lie  below  high  tide  level,  and  280  acres  or  1,800,000  tons 
a))ove  it.  In  th,;  Fourth  Claim  it  underlies  1,150  acres,  con- 
taining, at  a  thickness  of  three  feet,  5,508,000  tons;  of  this, 
620  acres  or  2,090,000  tons  lie  under  the  waters  of  Cow  Bay, 
and  5--)0  acres  or  2,578,000  tons  under  the  land  ;  of  the  latter 
amount,  520  acres  or  2,528,000  tons  lie  behiw  high  tide  level, 
and  10  acres  or  50,000  tons  above  it.  " 

At  about  2,400  feet  below  the  Long  Beach  Bed  lies  the  Tmcy  Br,i. 
Tracey  Bed,  worked  at  Min';  Bay,  near  False  Bay  Beach.  The 
quality  of  this  coal  is  good,  a  half  of  it  very  good.  Its  thick- 
ness at  four  j)laces  where  I  measured  it  in  the  mine  averaged 
three  feet  eight  inches  and  a  quarter,  with  a  band  of  clay  aver- 
aging five  inches  and  a  quarter  in  thickness  at  six  or  eight 
inches  from  the  bottom,  making  the  whole  thickness  four  feet 
one  inch  and  a  half;  at  one  point  the  clay  disappears  entirely 
and  leaves  three  feet  eleven  inches  of  coal.  This  bed  under- 
lies the  whole  of  tlie  four  claims  ;  so  that  with  a  thickness  of 
three  feet  eight  inches,  there  would  be   73,000,000  (seventy- 


8 


Chum  11. 


Claim  IV. 


All  til"  Claims 


Shi|)mi.'nt. 


three  inillioii)  tuns  witliiu  tlio  four  claims.  TI10  points  whore 
it  comes  iictircst  to  tlio  siirfaci*  are  at  the  v,-estern  corner 
of  the  First  (Mnini,  and  at  llic  southwestern  corner  of  ll)e 
Fourth  Claim,  wiiere  it  is  ahout  (^lually  <lec].  below  the  surface, 
that  is.  1,2S(>  feet.  In  the  direction  of  tlie  .Saddle  and  at  its 
toil,  thi-^  depth  increases  very  li'radnally  to  alioiit  1,10(1  feet 
at  the  eastern  boundary  of  Claim  No.  111. 

Th(!  Second  Claim  t'heretorc  contains -f.')!)  acres  or  4,<»7(>,<>0<) 
tons  of  McAulav  Coal ;  l.Of)!)  acres  or  :),'JOll, 01)0  tons  o^' MeUury 
(V)al  ;  and  1,!>S(I  acres  or  1»,S!)0,000  ton.^;  of  the  Three  Fo(»t  or 
Lonir'Beach'Coal.  Tiiis  all  lies  within  th<'  i.'J^O  acres  which 
the  Loni:-  Ueach  IJcd  covi'rs,  and  atnoui\ts  to  1U,1(')0.000  ton.s. 

The  Fourth  Chsim  contains  in  like  manner  -t.lO  acres  or 
'2,lS4,0()l»tous()f  the  .AlcUury  Coal,  ami  1 . 1  T)*)  acres  or  .'),r)(>S, 000 
Tims  (if  the  Three  Foot  livd:  in  all,  wiiliin  the  I,!.")!)  acres, 
7,7,VJ,000  tons.  (M'  these  amounts. 'ilO  aerc-  or  l,l(')S,0O()  tons 
of  the'.Mcilury.  and  oilO  acres  or  •2,.")7S.OO0  tons  of  the  Three 
Foot  ]}e(l  :  in  all.  .VIO  acres  or  :5.74().Odil  tons  (^f  both  are  un- 
der the  land,  lil't  acr<  -  or  1,010  000  tons  of  tlie  Mcllury,  and 
(>'iO  acres  (U-  'i.*.)'.!':),!!!!!!  tons  of  the  Three  Foot  l>i'd  in  all  1)20 
acres,  or  4,00(),OilO  tens  of  boSh  are  under  the  waters  of  Cow 
iiav.'  I  am  decidedly  of  tlie  opinion  tint  the  water  will  not 
prevent  the  workinir  <'i' tliis  coal  under  the  JJay. 

All  the  claims  contain,  therefore,  of  the^'  three  upper  Coals, 
within  a  space  of  o,loi»  acres,  •J(i.'.>l2,000  ton^  ;  or  under  the 
land  within  2,:)!0  acres,  ±2,000,000  tons;  and  under  the 
IJav.  within  020  acres  1,000,000  tons.  Ueckoning  also,  the 
Trac'ey  FxmI,  there  are.  then,  within  the  twenty  scpuire  miles  of 
all  the  claims,  lOO  millions  of  tons.  Yet  tlc^  McAulay  IJed 
alon(\  within  the  Second  Claim,  would  yield  a  hun<1red  thou- 
sand  tons  a  vear  I'.u-  forty  years,  if  the  j.illars  were  tli(n-ou<rhly 
robi.ed  :  or  for  thirty-two  years,  if  the  ].illars  were  left.  The 
:),l:50  acres  just  mentioned  would  be  incbided  within  five  srpiare 
niiles  :  the  2,r)lO  acres  within  four  sqiuire  mihr-  ;  ami  the  -i.")!.! 
acres  of  McAnlay  Coal  would  lie  less  than  one  fc^quare  mile, 
the  ordinary  extent  of  a  /\\\<Ar-  government  coal  lease. 

The  distance  of  the  middle  of  this  portion  of  the  .AlcAulay 
IJed  from  the  Cowrie  >iines  Wharf  and  Ureakwaler  'it  Cow  Jiay 
is  two  mile<  and  a  half,  and  an  ea-y  Hue  of  railroad  could  })e 
ccmstrnctcd  to  this  ].oint.  The  distance  to  Mr.  Bouriimt's 
seven  acre  lot  at  Fals(>  I'.ay  Lake,  is  f^mr  miles  and  a  quarter, 
and  the  topoirraphical  map'  shows  that  a  lailroad  could  easily 
be  constructed  in  tlsis  direction.  The  distance  to  the  npper 
end  of  Bi,^  Chice  F.ay  Lake  is,  in  a  straight  line,  only  two 


4 


9 

miles  and  llnHM'-i|ii;irtrrr-,  Imt  Ly  the  line  any  raiLjad  would 
liavc  to  take.  nliDul  tour  uiilfs  and  a  hall",  and  it  is  a  mile  and  a 
half  fartlu  ;•  in  {'no  ni(iii{]i  of  tlu*  lala-.  Tho  distanc-o  to  Syd- 
ney in  a  sivajo'lit  lino  is  thirteen  miles,  and  a  railroad  could 
be  built  there  prefty  strai^^iit  without  iieavy  ji'rades.  I  believe 
that  False  ]>ay  \ji\]<.r  can  be  <'oiivei'l(Ml  into  a  u'ood  harbor  at 
eonmarativclv  snuill  expense,  by  euttin;^  llirouu'h  the  beaeh 
only  "ion  iV'et  wide  between  it  and  Mlii'  J)ay, 

Mr.  Bouriuot  owns  ItKI.'S  acres   of  land  lyin;^  almost  wholly  ^-«nii  Ui\f. 
within  these  Cl.iiuis.     ( )n!y  lot  contains  seven   acres  and   lies 
on    the    southwest    shore    of     False   J?ay   Lake,    close   to  the 
dee])est  water  of  the  Lake  and    well   siluated  for  the  shijinient 
of  coal  win  ii  the  Lake  is  nu'd  '   into  a  hiirlior.     Another  lot  of 
10(5  acres  lies  almost  wholly  within    tln^  l''ourth   ('hum  eominf!; 
down  to  the  short!   ofCowJbiy.     it   is   partly   im]iroved,  and 
ahnosi  all  the  I'cst  of  it  is  j^'ood  woodland      Another  lot  of  ^J'i") 
acres  is  situated  nearly  in  the  middle  (d"  the  Si'cond  Claim.     It 
contains  near  iIk-  western  end  of  !\b)rrison's  Lak'(^  r.  dry  l)arren  of 
some  size  whicli  will  be  a  i>('od  location  for  a  vilhiii-e  of  miners' 
houses,   i\e;ir   lu    the    work's.      The    outh't  of   Morrison's   Jiake 
traverses  (liis  lot  and  no  tbiubt  furnishes  i^tnuc  ;j.ood  mill-sites  ; 
the  stream  is  snnili  but  very  constant  throu^ih  the  year.     This 
lot  as  well  as  the  one  la.sr  mentioned  contains    ,(>;ood    localities 
for  the  sinkiuir  (d'  ]iiis  on.  the  31fl[ury  and    '.fhree   h'oot    ]Jeds. 
Another  lot  <>['  -l'-]'.^  acres  lies  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Third 
(Maim,  boun<l(Ml   on  the  north   by    J>i,<x   (Ilace    ]?ay  IJrook,  and 
is  uncommonly  well  wooded,      'i'wo  other  lots   of   LlU  and  120 
acres  \\v  near  tou'cther  in  the  northeastern    part   of   the  'J'hird 
(Jlaim  and  consist  in  ji'ood  jiart  of  wtuulland;   they  arc  bounded 
on  the  southeast  liv  the  u]>iier  end  of  ]>ig  (^lacc  Bay  Lake. 

]5FNJ.  8MTTTI  LYMAN. 

PniLADKLrillA, 

2n  Fc/^.,  1^^(15. 


Tlio  entcrpriso  of  the  Coal  interosts  of  this  conntr}^  ha- 
vinsr  been  so  i^ciicrally  turned  to  the  Coal  fields  of  Cape 
Bret  )ii,  the  products  of  wliicli  are  now  so  larp;ely  used  by 
the  Gas  Companies  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  for 
steam,  manufacturing  and  domestic  purposes,  tlie  above 
valuable  Report  will  prove  most  interesting  to  all  con- 
cerned. 


10 


One  of  tlio  grcfit  drawbacks  to  tlio  value  of  the  Coal 
fields  of  this  rc,<i,'ioii,  except  the  mines  at  Sydney  belonging 
to  the  General  Mining  Association  of  London,  has  been 
the  want  of  good  harbors  snfHcicntlv  near— a  want  which 
has  comi)elled  the  exjienditure  of  very  large  sums  of  mo- 
ney by  ihc  Mining  Companies  there  in  operation,  for  the 
constrnction  of  break-waters  and  artificial  harbors,  and 
has  determined  the  International  and  other  Coal  Compa- 
nies of  JSew  York  upon  the  constrnction  of  a  Railroad 
from  Cow  Bay  to  Sydney  Harbor,  a  distance  of  over  20 
miles,  at  a  probable  cost  of  nearly  half  a  million  of  dollars. 

This  Eailroad  beini,'-  bnilt  by  an  amalgamation  of  the 
interests  of  the  diii'eicnt  Coal  Companies  in  that  section, 
viz:  the  International  Coal  Company  of  New  York,  The 
Block  House  Mining  Coni2)any  of  New  York,  the  Clyde 
Company  of  New  York,  and  a  Boston  Company  represent* 
ed  by  Mr.  Converse  and  others,  will  pass  through  these 
Bourinot  Claims,  and  add  immensely  to  their  value. 

The  Little  Glace  Coal  Company  of  Boston,  iclmse  mines 
tvilli  iJiosc  of  /lie  oi'/icr  Coiiipai/irs  aborr  named,  arc  con* 
tigvoKs  or  ncarlij  so  (o  lltcsc  Claims^  has  spent  $80,000 
in  gold  on  the  construction  of  an  artificial  harbor- 
still  quite  inadecpiate — yet  after  only  three  years  exis- 
tence, the  great  ])i'ofits  of  the  Little  Glace  Bay  Company 
enabled  them  to  declare  a  dividend  of  over  40  per  cent, 
last  year. 

But  apart  from  tlie  great  advantages  accruing  to  these 
properties  by  the  construction  of  the  Railroad  to  Sydney 
and  the  opening  of  that  magnificent  harbor  as  a  place  of 
shipment,  the  pi'o})iieto]s  of  these  Claims  feel  they  pos-  _. 
sess  still  greater  advantages  in  the  existence  of  False 
Bay  Lake  (as  per  plai-,)  so  near  to  them,  which,  as  Mr. 


n 


Lyman  states  above  in  liis  Report,  ^^cnn 


wcrled  into 


a  good  harbor  a'  compnrnlivcJy  smnU  expense,  i,,;  culling 
throuijch  thr.  h/dc/i  oiilij  200  feet  vide  hr/icccn  if  and 
Mire  Bai/. 

The  great  advantages  olTered  by  the  o])eniiig  of  such  a 
harbor,  induced  tlie  special  employment  of  an  En<:,ineer 
to  survey  and  report  njjon  it,  and  the  Report  and  plan  of 
Mr.  Angus  McDongall  on  tliat  jioint,  will  set  all  doubts 
of  its  practicability  at  rest. 


M 


f\nsTT.\Lr-  JiOTTINOT, 


]< 


so. 


Sy<liH>y,  ('n)H'  ]ircton. 


Sir:— 

I  liiive  the  hoiK.i'  to  sid.tniit  herewith,  the  result  of  a  survey 
made  in  piirsuiinee  of  your  instructions,  viz  :  "  to  examine  the 
lioaeh  at  False  Jjny  I  or  the  purpose  of"  discovering  the  practi- 
cability of  niiikinii'  such  iiiijirovi'uieuts  there  as  are  neces'<ary 
for  the  shipjiing  of  Coal  and  (o  nudce  it  a  Port  capable  of  giv- 
ino-  shelter  to  vessels." 

On  the  rjth  of  October,  J  got  here  with  a  jiarty  and  imme- 
diately coniuicnced  boring  for  any  obstruction,  that  there 
might  ''<■  lii(blcn  uinler  tlie  surfiice  of  the  Reach,  which  now 
separates  False  from  3Iiri'  Rays.  On  the  south  side  of  the 
Reach,  wc  bored  twenty-nine  tect  in  three  days,  meeting  with 
no  obstruction  and  on  the  nortli  wo  bortMl  twenty  feet,  with 
the  same  result. 

This  is  sufficient  to  establish  the  fact,  that  no  rock  will  be 
cn.ountered  in  making  a  cut  across  the  Reach  at  the  part  im- 
mediately situatcfl  between  tlu>  ]i(ddest  Avaters  at  each  side. 

The  S(niudiiigs  on  the  plan  exhibit  a  depth  of  about  twenty 
feet  of  water  in  the  two  basins  at  llu>  western  end  of  F.dse 
l>ay.  ys"\(\'  very  little  trouble  these  basins  could  l»e  deepened 
suthcicnl  for  two  hundred  acres,  and  are  of  thonselves  suffi- 
cient for  the  ;;econimodalion  of  about  two  liundred  vessels  of 
the  various  sizes  usually  f(jund  togetlun'  in  a  sea-port.  The 
other  nuudi  lari^'cr  portinns  v/nuld  aftbrd  accommodations  to 
any  extent  but  will  nf)f  be  recjuired. 

'Vhen  on  the  ground,  we  had  a  gale,  the  severest  exp'  \-  t- 
ced  for  son\e  years;  during  this  gale  four  large  craft  ancli-.  red 
at  the  Cow  Ray  Colliori(!s,  were  driven  ashore,  I  would  here 
mention  ti'.at  the  brig  "Kate  Cumniings,"  of  Newfoundland, 


12 

vorkcil  (tut  of  Miri)  Bay  in  the  jSL-vcrost  i)!ivt  itf  U.  rroiii  this 
liisiimcv,  It  i,s  to  Ik-  iiiI'citihI,  tiiiit  tlic  loii:^  liLMtllaiids  ot' Mln; 
]J;iy  .'illi  id  ;:rt';iter  jirotcctioii  tli.iu  at  ('(»\v  Hwy  <liivin<i-  tlio 
Ktunnr;  tli"  lit'.-iviosl  Iki-c — lli.it  is  tlic  soiitliciist  ,st(»nus. 

TIk!  waters  in  M'wr  B.iy  tor  miles  i^ist  l]ie  IJeiieh  :iro  liold, 
and  clciir  ofieeis  and  slioals  ;  witli  tli"  eiitraiiee  coinpleted 
into  False  ]Ja_v  a  jiort  is  jiidvided,  easily  a|n»roaelie(l  and  en- 
tered, and  vesscds  ar(;  at  ail  iiiiics  \v(  II  slidtered. 

Tlu;  lot;',  whieli  is  iVeqiieiil  oil  the  soiiiiieni  eo:ist,  is  kept  ofl" 
])y  tlie  (devateil  ;:ro!nid  rinmini^  IVoni  Heatari"  [sland  towards 
the  interior,  luit;  is  known  but  seldom  to  intei'ru[»t  naviiration 
ne-th  ol'  the  li,tiht-hoiise. 

As  this  is  sitiialed  williin  four  miles  of  your  extensive 
"art'as,"  on  wliieii  you  hav"  woi-kal.de  seams  of  (\k\\  that  are 
very  va'.ualde,  and  iVon:  the  "  Jihxdv  House"  and  "(Jowrio" 
Klines,  only  altoiit  live  miles  and  within  a  mile  of  the  Traeoy 
Mine,  n(.tw  worked  )iy  J)r.  3Ieiieod,  the  importance  of  niak'ng 
the  neeessary  imju'oNciiients  cannot  be  well  estimated,  for  it 
is  lik(dy  to  become  tlu;  })rinci]>al  de]H)t  on  the  eastern  part  of 
this  island  lor  shijiping  coal. 

The  cost  of  euttin;;'  the  Heach  is  Siuinll  compared  to  the 
nmonnt  required  to  secure  it  Irom  becoming  relilled.  Sluuild 
an  excavator  be  ]Mdvided,  the  cost  of  excavating  slnmld  not 
exceed  fifteen  (lo)  (-.■u!.--  [km-  cubic  yjiial,  but  to  make  the  ne- 
cessary ]>rotecli(ui  of  durable  nialerial,  as  would  be  necessary 
for  a  port  of  su(di  imjiortance,  I  wtuild  estimate  for  the  mate- 
rials and  labor  complete,  say  ,  .  .  $10.(1(10 
and  for  excavation,          .         .          .          ,         .         ,  o.UOO 

$10,000 

Viuirs  Respectfully, 

ANGUS  MAC  DOI'GALL, 

Civil  Engineer. 
♦False  Bay  Beach,  Oct.  31st,  ISIU. 

In  corroboration  of  Mr.  MncDoiigall's  rei)oi't,  the  sub- 
joined letter  of  A.  C.  Morton,  Es(j.,  is  submitted. 

iS'i;a\'  York,  ^^Farch  loth,  18(J5. 
jNF.  BouniNOT,  Es(p 

Dear  Sir  : 

As  the  consultinii'  Entfineer  of  the  hiternatiinial  Coal  Toni- 


*  Soj  BayQel.r.';  Ailtiiirulty  Chart  of  Capo  Drulon.—.Shfd  X. 


18 


I 


liiuiy,  I  liMvc  \iviti(l  ;iii(l  oxiiiuiiuil  ail  tin;  ].i)iiit,s  (in  llie  luast 
of  Cajx'  IJrr'oii  hctwi'i'ii  Sydiiry  jijid  Lntii>l)!irp,',  which  hiivo 
ht'cii  cithrr  Iin|M-(»v((l  '.p  ih-ujioscmI  \'i>v  Iiarhors  \<\  aititicia! 
\V(t|-ks  ^vith  a  view  In  racilitalc  tlu'  :-liiiiiii(iil  of  cual  iVi.m  (ho 
iiiim's  dl'  (Iiat  district-. 

It  is  Well  kunwii  that  l.iilli  Syiliic_\  aud  liOiiislmr;;' are  harlxn'S 
(d"  j^rcat  capacdty  <'ijii;il  il'  iittt  siiiiciii.r  in  niiny  respects  to  any 
(»n  the  coast  of  Nova  Scotia;  but  at  no  poinl  on  the  coast  ho- 
Iwecn  tln'se  places  are  there  natni'al  hai-hors  ur  ])laces  where; 
protection  to  shippin;i'  may  ]»e  ,;i;  nred  <'xccpt  by  artificial 
M'orks,  varyiniT  in  extent  and  cost  accordiit'i  to  tlic  peculiar 
i'eatnrcs  of  the  se\eral  liMalilir-.  Ainonu'  the  latter  I  rc^'  ird  the 
jdace  kiMiwn  as  I  alse  IJ.iy  IJ/aen,  I'l-oiii  its  jiosition -Mid  iciMU'ral 
(  haracieristic;-,  as  n.ddinii  oni  coiiiparati\  e!y  snperioi- fat  ilities 
fnr  securing'  harl'or  aecomniodat imis  ])V  a'*ti!iei;d  wnrk. 

It  is  sitna^cil  alinnr  ndilway  hetweeii  Sydney  ami  LonisI»ur|Lr. 
]t  will  1)1'  (d)served  \i\  rei'erencn  tlu^  nnii>  that  Cow  l>av  and 
3Iir(''  Jiay  are  dee])  arms  of  the  si'a,  extendin;^;  several  miles 
into  the  inu'iior  of  the  country,  and  are  in  {losifion  neurlv  par- 
allcd  Avitli  a  narrow  interveninu' strip  of  hi;:li  lamls.  The  wafers 
of  the  npjxM-  exti'cndry  of  Cdw  IJay  reaidi  l''al-e  IJay  Bv'atdi  and 
are  separated  ir(ini  tlcise  ofMir.'lJay  at  thai  ]ilace  hy  a  narrow 
sand  har  oi'  from  two  id  three  liundrc  il  feot  in  Avidth  and  ahoiit 
three-fourths  of  a  niilc  in  len/z'th. 

There  are  strong-  indications  that  at  snnie  distant  ])eriod 
there  was  here  an  ojiening' wdiere  these  waters  united,  and  that 
the  interNcninu"  section    wa^  an  Island. 

Inside  this  bar  is  a  laru'c  basin  cunlainin^.i'  several  hundred 
acres  with  sullicient  depth  of  water  in  soim;  portimis  to  iloat  a 
larii'c  (dass  of  vcssids.  The  shap(-  and  (vxtent  of  this  ba.sin.tho 
depth  of  water  and  tjic  position  and  (limcnsiuns  appca.r  to 
be  ciu'rectly  represented  on  your  ma]i  of  that  locality.  T'hese 
sonndinirs  and  mcasnrennMits  show  th  't  Imt  a.  cumpavatively 
small  expenditure  is  reijuii-ed  for  openintf  and  securing  ;i  (dian- 
md  throuu'h  this  bar  for  the  ],'as>aLi'e  of  vessels,  and  the  area 
inside  of  the  bar  may  be  enhiru'cd  ami  deepened  so  as  to  ae- 
connnodate  a  l:iri;'e  numb'cr  of  vessi'is. 

T  have  no  knov>ledu'e  vi.'  the  character  of  the  bed  nf  this 
basin  or  depth  (.f  water  fnun  survevs  of  my  own,  and  therefore 
cannot  speak  defniitely  of  the  extent  ;;nii  value  of  the  accom- 
modations whi(di  may  here  be  (diiained  or  the  cost  of  flu'  sanu\ 

Tlse  (dniracter  of  tie'  countrv  between  this  idace  and  yiMir 
nnne  favors  the  construction  of  a  railway  fur  the  transportation 
of  coal  to  this  point  for  .shipment. 


14 

It  may  bo  well  to  .state  in  this  connection,  tli;it  iuran«;oinent{, 
arc  in  pro^-rcss  fur  the  construction  of  the  Sydney  and  Louis- 
l)ur<;  railway.  In  the  event  of  the  construction  of  this  railway 
it  will  ])aMs  either  over  or  near  vonr  coal  are:i. 

l{e8]»eetfully  yuur.s, 

A.  C.  MOIITON. 

Tlie  following  letter  of  Mr.  A.  McBeaii,  u  Contractor, 
who  lias  had  long  previous  experience  in  similar  matters, 
places  the  question  beyond  (lonl>t : 

8vi».\KV,  Caj."  I{ret(ai,  .'^iU   Ian,  isOj. 
Mailsiiall  BouniNOT,  E^q,, 

Sydney. 
Sir:— 

Aceordin,!::  tit  retjiicst  I  li.-ivc  cxainiii'Ml  the  jiliiu  of  {ti-ujto.sfd 
Harbor  at  False  Bay  IJcacli ;  i!"  cnrnct,  as  1  Iiav(!  no  doubt  it 
is,  to  make  the  wharfs  and  (li'(']i('n  diannrl  as  \h'v  plan. 

The  AVhartiiif^  I  wouhl  rtconinieml,  howcvrr,  in  the  first 
place,  to  ])e  well  and  sul»stiniti:illy  cjoi^c  PIIimI  ;  at  the  outer 
or  seaward  end  to  sink  li'ood  ;nid  sullicicnt  bhick.x,  vadl  ballasted, 
as  a  perpetual  ]»rotectlon  to  ,>;aid  Wlia.fin^'.  For  the  whole 
amount,  say  Tilini:-,  IJlockiu;/ and  IJalhistin,:.;',  as  also  dei'pcn- 
ing  channel  aeeordiug  to  plan,  the  subscriber  will  agree  to  do 
the  same  fc  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  (pue  hundred  and  sixty 
dollars,  (Slo.KJO.) 

I  may  here  add,  that  should  the  writer  ])v  oilu-rwise  em- 
ployed on  the  coast  near  said  h:irbour,  Avould  and  could  aiibrd 
^0  do  your  work  at  a  less  sum,  but  if  not,  it  is  ;!s  low  as  it 
coidd  possibly  be  done  for  without  otlier  work. 

Should  this  meet  your  views,  will  he  glad  to  hear  fmui  you 
at  your  earliest  convenience. 

Meantime,  remain, 

Yonr  obed't  scrv  t, 

A  ?.!.ni':AN. 

Samples  of  Coal  from  an  opening  made  on  the  McAidav 
Bed,  upon  these  claims,  were  .sent  to  the  .Alanhattan 
and  Kgav  York  Gas  Light  Companies  and  tested  by  them. 


»  V 


15 

Mr.  Adam,  tlio  PrcHident  (»f  tho  latter  Company,  ex- 
pressed a  very  liigh  opinion  <>t'  tho  Coal  froni  the  result, 
and  tlio  following'  letter  I'min  Josepli  A.  Sabbatoti,  Es(i,, 
will  also  sliow  its  fine  character  as  a  Gas  Coal — tho  more 
surprising  from  its  being  taken  at  depth  of  only  25  feet 
from  tho  surface. 

iMANHAITAN    (JaS    LiGUT  GoMl'ANY, 

Engineer's  Office, 
18th  Street  Stiitlun,  North  llivur. 

New  Yokk,  Mnn-h  l«t,  1805. 
Doar  8ir:— 

The  rcsuh  of  tho  oxamiiuitiouof  tlie  Coal  from  the  ^IcAiilay 
oiieniii<f  (.11  vour  «-laim  in  Cape  IJrctoii  Island  is  as  follows  :  — 

One  ton,  L',"J40  pi.tinds,  yicldod  !l,r.i)()  eul.ic  fert  of  li^M 
candle  gas,  and  4U  Itushels  of  coke,  weio-hing  1,540  i.ounds. 
The  coke  maki^s  a  very  good  lire  The  ash  fuses  into  u  heavy 
hard  cliiik(;r.  This  Coal  se(>ius  to  he  inferior  to  that  from  tho 
Block  Jfotisc  Mine  only  in  the  quality  of  its  coke. 

A.VALYSIS  OF  TJIE  GAS. 

Oietiant  iras,  J     . 

llydro  ea'riK.n  vapor,  }    '>---Mh^i- '-Cnt, 

Carbonic  oxide,  11.00  per  cent. 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  CuAL. 

Volatile  matter,  o5.<S 
Fixed  carbon,  54..") 
Ash,  U.;5 


100.0 


vou 


Mr.  Marshall  Bourinot. 


Very  respectfully, 

JOS.  A.  SAI3BAT0N, 

Engineer. 


In  conclusion,  as  a  summary  of  the  very  valuable 
nature  of  these  properties,  there  are  Mining  Rights  extend- 
ing over  an  area  of  20  square  miles,  contrining  mo.st 
valuable  quality  of  Coal.  There  are  several  valuable 
ownerships  in  fee  simple  of  the  different  lots  of  land,  as 
specified  on  Mr.  Lyman's  plan,  furnishing  timber  and 


16 


%v 


N     . 


I 


other  iieccssury  material  &c.  ref[iiire(l  in  extensive  min- 
ing operations.  There  is  a  property  of  seven  acres  with 
a  water  frontage  of  17  cliains  on  False  Bay  Lake,  the 
most  avaiUible  spot  there  fir  shi2>i>ing  purposes,  and  a 
Water  Grant  extending  from  tlie  whole  17  chains  front- 
age— valuable  for  wharves  ^e. 

One  of  the  most  important  things  liowevei',  in  connec- 
tidU  witli  these  proi)erties,  is  ihe  feasibility  with  which 
False  Bay  Lake  can  be  converled  iul(^  a  gi.oil  and  spaci- 
ous harl)or — almost  adjoining  the  Coal  Beds  in  some 
instances,  and  only  ii  miles  from  the  McAuley  opening, 
with  a  grade  recpiiring  little  expense  to  construct  a  rail 
road. 

Without  this  harbor  it  is  true,  the  existence  of  the 

rail  road  running  through  the  property,  tu  Sydney  Harbor 

would  greatl^i;  enhance  its  value,  but  the  superior  advan- 

"^tag'es'of  opening  False"  BayyLake  enhances  it  still  more. 

•   Mire  Bay  is  open  nearly  all  the  year.     Sometimes  it  may 

"*  ocTcbrsed  byvdrift  ice   for    nearly    two    months — never 

'*■-,  Jongcr,    and^  often    navigation    is   not    im])eded  for  two 

Aveeks.  '  It  Ms  singularly  free  from  fog,  })ossessing  in  the 

absence  of  fog  a  su])eriority  even  over  Louisburg. 

False  Bay  Lake  is  somewhat  neai'er  Kew  York  than 
Sydney  in  actual  distance,  but  more  so  in  poin';  of  time, 
especially  in  the  autumn,  as  with  northerly  winds,  so 
l)revalent  at  that  season,  it  is  im})Ossible  for  vessels  to 
beat  up  from  Cow  Bay  Head  to  Sydney — -and  they  are 
often  obliged  to  harbor  in  Louisburg  lor  two  or  three 
Aveeks  waiting  for  wind 

Vessels  would  go  to  this  ])roposed  harbor  at  Mire  Bay 
for  less  freighl,  and  when  the  amount  sir.ed  by  a  Com- 
pany in  carrying  Coals  only  -i  miles  instead  ol)  say,  1(3, 


17 

is  considorGcl,  it  is  plain  that  tins  property  is  better  situ- 
ated than  any  other  in  Cape  Breton  lor  all  practical  and 
paying  purposes.  Say  on  12  miles  iurther  carried  to 
Sydney  at  o  cents  ])er  ton  per  mile  S3<),0G0  would  be 
saved  on  the  transportation  of  100.000  tons. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  state  that  all  necessary  steps 
for  a  charter  to  open  False  Bay  Lake  have  been  taken 
and  riglit  secured.  ^ 

New  York,  12th  March,  18l)5. 


a^^^c/:/ 


